Richards, Fowkes & Co. - Pipe Organ Builders

Metal Composition - North German Organs

Place		Stade	Groningen	Hamburg	Godlinze	Hamburg	Hamburg	Hamburg	Groningen	Groningen	Godlinze	Hamburg	Hamburg
		Cosmae	A-kerk	St. Jacobi		St. Jacobi	St. Jacobi	St. Jacobi	A-kerk	A-kerk		St. Jacobi	St. Jacobi
Stop		Principal 8'	Principal	Trompet	Principal	Nachthorn	Principal	Posaune	Quintadeen	Trompete	Octave 4'	Octave 4'	Gemshorn
		(RP)	16' F	16' (HW)	8'	2' D	8' (OW)	16' (Ped)	16' (RP)	8' D			2' (OW)
Builder		B. Huß	A. Schnitger	A. Schnitger	A. Schnitger	A. Schnitger	G. Fritsche	A. Schnitger	A. Schnitger	?	A. Schnitger	G. Fritsche	H. Scherer
													&
													G. Scherer?
Type		High Sn	High Sn	High Sn	High Sn	Medium Sn	Medium Sn	Medium Sn	Medium Sn	Medium Sn	Medium Sn	Medium Sn	Low Sn
Sn	Tin	88.200	89.300	99.810	99.800	30.650	25.450	21.680	14.100	11.500	14.800	11.900	1.660
Pb	Lead	10.000	9.500	0.040	0.030	69.100	74.300	78.080	85.150	88.100	85.100	87.800	98.240
Ag	Silver	0.006	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.022	0.027	0.023	0.030	0.024	0.030	0.029	0.040
As	Arsenic	0.045	0.180	0.060	0.060	0.020	0.012	0.011	0.022	0.010	0.007	0.013	0.002
Bi	Bismuth	1.600	0.800	0.000	0.060	0.150	0.170	0.150	0.330	0.300	0.030	0.160	0.043
Cu	Copper	0.035	0.090	0.040	0.030	0.020	0.030	0.008	0.030	0.020	0.020	0.015	0.002
In	Indium	0.020	0.070	0.020	0.050	0.018	0.021	0.030	0.010	0.015	0.011	0.005	0.001
Sb	Antimony	0.015	0.030	0.020	0.000	0.029	0.027	0.023	0.040	0.038	0.012	0.020	0.014

Richards, Fowkes & Co. alloys

Type		High tin	Normal alloy	High lead	Languid
Sn	Tin	90.0	27.0	1.5	11.0
Pb	Lead	9.6	72.5	98.0	88.5
Ag	Silver	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bi	Bismuth	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cu	Copper	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sb	Antimony	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.4
		12/03	8/04	8/04	12/03

General alloy notes
We cast all metal on a stone table covered only with cloth and no blanket. This results in a harder metal that has a slight effect on the tone and makes the pipe easier to handle.